How does Alzheimer's disease primarily affect memory?

Alzheimer's disease primarily affects memory by resulting in progressive memory loss due to neuronal cell death. This neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by the gradual degeneration of brain cells, particularly those involved in memory and cognitive functions. As the disease progresses, individuals experience increasing difficulties in forming new memories and recalling previously stored information.

The underlying pathology of Alzheimer's includes the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which contribute to the death of neurons and disrupt communication between brain cells. This disruption leads to the hallmark symptoms of memory loss that worsen over time. Initially, individuals may struggle with short-term memory, such as forgetting appointments or recent conversations; as the disease advances, long-term memory can be affected, making it difficult to recall past events or familiar faces.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately depict the nature of Alzheimer's disease. Immediate memory loss without progression would suggest a sudden onset, which is not characteristic of this particular condition. Selective memory loss based on emotional content does not encompass the broad and progressive nature of the cognitive decline experienced in Alzheimer's. Lastly, the statement that Alzheimer's enhances memory retention contradicts the fundamental aspect of the disease, which is a decline in memory function.