How does the sympathetic nervous system prepare the body for "fight or flight"?

The sympathetic nervous system is a crucial part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the body's involuntary responses to stressful situations, often described as the "fight or flight" response. When activated, the sympathetic nervous system initiates a series of physiological changes that prepare the body to either confront or flee from a perceived threat.

Specifically, one of the most prominent responses is the increase in heart rate. This allows for greater blood flow and oxygen delivery to muscles, enhancing physical performance and readiness for action. Alongside this, the body undergoes other changes such as elevated blood pressure, dilation of the airways for improved oxygen intake, and the release of energy stores for immediate use.

Additionally, the sympathetic nervous system also dilates the pupils to improve vision, allowing for heightened awareness of the environment. These physiological adaptations collectively enable an individual to react swiftly and effectively in situations that may require rapid physical responses.

In contrast, the other options detail responses that would typically occur when the body is at rest or in a state of relaxation, which do not align with the urgent preparedness established by the sympathetic nervous system.