What common cognitive disorder is associated with aging?

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a recognized cognitive disorder commonly associated with aging. It represents a transitional stage between normal cognitive aging and more severe forms of cognitive decline, such as Alzheimer’s disease or other dementias. Individuals with MCI may experience noticeable issues with memory, language, and other cognitive abilities, but these changes are not severe enough to interfere significantly with daily life.

In contrast, Alzheimer's disease is a specific type of dementia that leads to progressive cognitive decline and significant impairment in daily functioning. While it does affect many older adults, MCI itself is a broader category that encompasses a range of cognitive difficulties that may or may not progress to more severe conditions.

Major depressive disorder and schizophrenia, while they can affect cognitive functions, are not primarily categorized as cognitive disorders directly tied to the aging process. These conditions can occur at various life stages and are not exclusive to older adults. Therefore, mild cognitive impairment is the most suitable answer when discussing cognitive disorders specifically associated with aging.