What distinguishes a transient ischemic attack (TIA) from a stroke?

The defining characteristic that distinguishes a transient ischemic attack (TIA) from a stroke is that a TIA resolves without causing permanent effects. A TIA is often referred to as a "mini-stroke" because it presents with stroke-like symptoms that typically last only a few minutes to a few hours, and then completely resolve. Unlike a full-blown stroke, which can result in lasting neurological deficits and permanent brain damage due to prolonged interruption of blood flow, a TIA indicates a temporary decrease in blood flow to the brain that does not cause lasting injuries to brain tissue.

This key distinction helps in understanding the potential risks; while a TIA is not as damaging as a stroke, it serves as a critical warning sign for possible future strokes, and its occurrence should prompt immediate evaluation and management to prevent a more serious event.