What effect does chronic stress have on cortisol levels?

Chronic stress results in increased levels of cortisol, a hormone that is released in response to stress by the adrenal glands. This heightened release occurs as the body attempts to cope with prolonged stressors. Over time, the consistent activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis leads to elevated cortisol levels. This can have various physiological and psychological effects, such as impaired immune response, increased blood pressure, and potential contribution to mood disorders.

Cortisol plays a crucial role in regulating a variety of body functions, including metabolism, immune response, and the body's stress responses. When experiencing chronic stress, the sustained secretion of cortisol can result in detrimental effects on overall health. Rather than decreasing or maintaining levels at a normal range, chronic stress perpetuates an environment in which cortisol levels remain elevated, potentially leading to further health complications.