What is a Chiari malformation?

A Chiari malformation is accurately described as a structural brain defect. This condition involves the displacement of the cerebellar tonsils, which may extend down through the foramen magnum (the opening at the base of the skull where the spinal cord passes). This displacement can lead to a variety of neurological symptoms, including headaches, balance issues, and sometimes associated conditions like syringomyelia, where a cyst forms within the spinal cord.

The nature of this malformation is such that it is primarily a structural anomaly rather than a result of trauma or an acquired condition. Recognizing it as a structural defect is essential for understanding its implications on brain function and the potential requirement for surgical intervention if symptoms are significant. This understanding helps differentiate Chiari malformation from other conditions that might present differently, thus guiding appropriate management strategies.