What is multiple sclerosis?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is accurately described as an autoimmune disease that damages the myelin sheath, which is the protective covering surrounding nerve fibers in the central nervous system (CNS). In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks this myelin, leading to inflammation and the formation of scar tissue (sclerosis). This damage disrupts the transmission of nerve impulses, resulting in a wide range of neurological symptoms. Individuals with MS may experience muscle weakness, coordination difficulties, sensory disruptions, and visual disturbances, all of which can vary based on the severity and progression of the disease. The autoimmune nature of MS differentiates it from viral infections, genetic disorders, or strokes, which involve different mechanisms and processes in the body. Understanding that MS is primarily an autoimmune attack provides vital insight into its treatment approaches, which focus on managing inflammation and protecting nerve function.