What is the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

The primary function of the central nervous system (CNS) is to process and transmit information throughout the body. The CNS, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, serves as the control center for the body, coordinating voluntary and involuntary actions and integrating sensory information. It is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thought, memory, and emotion, as well as regulating basic bodily functions like heartbeat and respiration through its interaction with the peripheral nervous system.

In this context, processing information includes receiving signals from sensory organs, interpreting those signals, and generating appropriate responses. For instance, when you touch something hot, sensory receptors send signals to the CNS, which processes the information and prompts a reflex action to withdraw your hand.

The other options, while important physiological functions, do not accurately describe the central nervous system's main role. Digesting food pertains more to the digestive system, providing structural support relates to the skeletal system, and regulating hormonal functions involves the endocrine system. These systems have distinct functions that complement the role of the CNS but do not define its primary purpose.