What is the role of neurotransmitters in neural communication?

Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication process between neurons, specifically by transmitting signals across the synapses. When an electrical impulse, or action potential, reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the adjacent neuron, leading to a continuation or modulation of the signal. This process is essential for a range of functions such as muscle contraction, mood regulation, and various cognitive processes.

While neurotransmitters are involved in signaling, they do not serve as structural components of neurons, protect neurons from damage, or directly enhance the speed of electrical impulses. Instead, electrical impulses travel quickly down the axon of a neuron, while neurotransmitters facilitate communication at the synapse. Thus, the correct role of neurotransmitters in neural communication clearly centers on their function in transferring signals between neurons.