What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?

The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating involuntary bodily functions, which include processes that occur without conscious control. These functions encompass essential activities for maintaining homeostasis, such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and the regulation of body temperature.

The autonomic nervous system is divided into two main parts: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic system prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses, increasing heart rate and energy expenditure, while the parasympathetic system conserves energy and promotes "rest and digest" activities, slowing the heart rate and enhancing digestive processes.

In contrast, controlling voluntary movements pertains to the somatic nervous system, which governs skeletal muscle actions. Processing sensory information is primarily handled by the sensory nervous system, part of the central nervous system that interprets stimuli from the environment. Facilitating conscious decision-making also relates to higher cognitive processes managed by the brain, which involves various neural networks beyond just the autonomic functions.

Thus, option B is correct as it directly addresses the primary function of the autonomic nervous system in regulating involuntary functions essential for survival and overall well-being.