Which condition is characterized by dementia, myoclonus, and biphasic or triphasic repetitive discharges?

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is characterized by a rapid onset of dementia, myoclonus, and the presence of biphasic or triphasic repetitive discharges on electroencephalography (EEG).

Dementia in CJD progresses quickly, often alongside neurocognitive decline and pronounced changes in behavior and personality. Myoclonus, which involves sudden, involuntary muscle jerks, is also a significant symptom as the disease progresses.

The EEG findings are particularly distinctive in CJD. The biphasic or triphasic waves observed can help differentiate it from other neurological conditions. These EEG patterns reflect the underlying neurodegenerative processes occurring in the brain due to the prionic nature of the disease.

While Wilson's disease, Reye's syndrome, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis can exhibit varying neurological symptoms, they do not present with the specific combination of dementia and myoclonus alongside the characteristic EEG findings typical of CJD. Wilson's disease generally presents with hepatic symptoms and neurological signs, Reye's syndrome is primarily linked to metabolic disturbances following viral infection (often in children), and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is usually a sequela of meas