Which structural brain changes are associated with schizophrenia?

Enlarged ventricles are a well-documented structural brain change associated with schizophrenia. In individuals with this disorder, neuroimaging studies have consistently found that lateral and third ventricles are increased in size relative to healthy individuals. This enlargement is thought to reflect a loss of adjacent brain tissue, particularly in areas such as the temporal lobes and prefrontal cortex, which are critical for cognitive functions and emotional regulation.

The presence of enlarged ventricles can be interpreted as an indicator of underlying pathological processes in the brain, such as neurodevelopmental disruptions or neurodegeneration, which are commonly observed in schizophrenia. This structural change has implications for understanding the etiology of the disorder and may inform therapeutic strategies.

Other choices, while related to different aspects of neurological conditions or brain function, do not directly correlate with the primary structural findings commonly associated with schizophrenia. For example, increased gray matter volume is not characteristic of schizophrenia; typically, there is actually a reduction in gray matter in specific areas. Reduced blood flow is often a secondary effect observed in various conditions but is not a defining structural change for schizophrenia. Thickened cortex might occur in different neurological conditions, but it is generally not a feature found in schizophrenia.